https://w3.sciltp.com/journals/gefr/issue/feed 2025-03-31T17:34:01+08:00 Mr. Zack Li gefr@sciltp.com Open Journal Systems https://w3.sciltp.com/journals/gefr/article/view/638 2025-01-10T15:10:18+08:00 Faizan Ahmad faizanahmad0042@gmail.com Muhammad Kashif chmk2030@gmail.com Wenke Zhao zhaowenke@hit.edu.cn Yaning Zhang ynzhang@hit.edu.cn

<p class="categorytitle"><em>Article</em></p> <h1>Microwave Heating Performances of Eucalyptus Camaldulensis Leaves with Silicon Carbide for Biofuel Upgrading</h1> <div class="abstract_title"> <p><strong>Faizan Ahmad, Muhammad Kashif, Wenke Zhao and Yaning Zhang *</strong></p> </div> <div class="abstract_top"> <p>School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China</p> <p>* Correspondence: ynzhang@hit.edu.cn</p> </div> <div class="abstract_top"> <p>Received: 4 December 2024; Revised: 31 December 2024; Accepted: 2 January 2025; Published: 9 January 2025</p> </div> <p><strong class="label">Abstract: </strong>Microwave heating is an efficient and effective heating method for upgrading biofuels. This study investigated the heating performance of eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves with and without silicon carbide (SiC) in a microwave chamber. The effects of quartz reactor volume (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mL), microwave power (400, 450, 500, 550, and 600 W), and SiC amount (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 g) on the heating performance were analyzed. The result showed that as the quartz reactor volume increased from 50 to 250 mL, the average heating rate of eucalyptus leaves without SiC decreased from 153.2 to 47.2 °C/min, while with SiC, it decreased from 366.8 to 106.2 °C/min. As the microwave power increased from 400 to 600 W, the average heating rate of eucalyptus leaves without SiC increased from 73.3 to 197.4 °C/min, and with SiC, it increased from 138.6 to 352.4 °C/min. When SiC amount increased from 0 to 10 g, the average heating rate of eucalyptus leaves increased from 73.9 to 352.4 °C/min. Relationships were proposed to describe the microwave heating performances of eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves with R² of 0.9953–0.9999.</p>

2025-01-09T00:00:00+08:00 Copyright (c) 2025 by the authors. https://w3.sciltp.com/journals/gefr/article/view/450 2025-02-11T16:42:31+08:00 Amit Kumar Sharma amit.orgchemistry@gmail.com

<p class="categorytitle"><em>Review</em></p> <h1>Solar Thermal Technologies for Biofuel Production: Recent Advances and Future Prospectus</h1> <div class="abstract_title"> <p><strong>Amit Kumar Sharma </strong><strong>^1,2</strong></p> </div> <div class="abstract_top"> <p>¹ Department of Chemistry, Applied Sciences Cluster, School of Advance Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES) University, Dehradun 24806, India; amitsharma@ddn.upes.ac.in or amit.orgchemistry@gmail.com</p> <p>² Centre for Alternate Energy Research, R &amp; D University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES) University, Dehradun 24806, India</p> </div> <div class="abstract_top"> <p>Received: 13 August 2024; Revised: 3 November 2024; Accepted: 7 November 2024; Published: 11 February 2025</p> </div> <p><strong class="label">Abstract: </strong>Solar thermal biomass conversion technologies are gaining significant interest due to their cost-effectiveness and eco-friendly nature. In these systems, solar thermal heating replaces the traditional electrical heating source as the reactor, as used in conventional thermal technologies. This approach generates higher-calorific-value products with reduced CO₂ emissions compared to standard thermal methods, effectively capturing intermittent solar energy and storing it in the form of solar fuels. This review discussess the integration of solar energy with conventional bioenergy production methods through thermal processes, including torrefaction, pyrolysis, gasification, and hydrothermal liquefaction. Recent advancements have highlighted the effective use of solar collectors, including Scheffler dishes, heliostats, and Fresnel lenses, in solar thermal bioconversion applications. Therefore, we comprehensively describe the advances in solar thermal biomass conversion technologies. The design and operational parameters for efficient solar thermal technologies are also discussed. Furthermore, the challenges and future prospectus of these technologies has are summarized. In conclusion, this review shows that the production of biofuels from various carboneous biomasses through solar thermal technologies represents a sustainable option for various energy applications.</p>

2025-02-11T00:00:00+08:00 Copyright (c) 2025 by the authors. https://w3.sciltp.com/journals/gefr/article/view/678 2025-02-24T15:55:43+08:00 Jakub Čespiva cespivajakub@seznam.cz Jan Skřínský jan.skrinsky@vsb.cz Thangavel Sangeetha geetha.vishnu@gmail.com David Kupka david.kupka@vsb.cz

<p class="categorytitle"><em>Article</em></p> <h1>Safety Evaluation of Catalytic Synthesis Off-Gases through Explosion Pressure Determination</h1> <div class="abstract_title"> <p><strong>Jakub Čespiva ^1,*, Jan Skřínský ¹, Thangavel Sangeetha ^2,3, and David Kupka ¹</strong></p> </div> <div class="abstract_top"> <p>¹ Energy Research Centre, Centre for Energy and Environmental Technologies, VSB—Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic</p> <p>² Department of Energy and Refrigerating, Air-Conditioning Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan</p> <p>³ Research Center of Energy Conservation for New Generation of Residential, Commercial, and Industrial Sectors, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan</p> <p>* Correspondence: jakub.cespiva@vsb.cz</p> </div> <div class="abstract_top"> <p>Received: 24 December 2024; Revised: 20 February 2025; Accepted: 21 February 2025; Published: 24 February 2025</p> </div> <p><strong class="label">Abstract: </strong>In this research evaluation, the catalytic synthesis off-gas was investigated through a safety assessment approach. Though operation safety measures are of utmost importance in the industrial processes, they are difficult to maintain when variable components are dealt with. Four different scenarios based on various process phases and off-gas compositions were experimentally evaluated. The results exhibited significant differences in explosion pressure values, revealing the most severe consequences during the start-up phase, when H₂ is abundant, and during the advanced process (over 30 h of operation), when CO is abundant in the off-gas composition. The first case possessed 200 MPa/s explosion pressure change, while the latter was equal to 152 MPa/s. These findings have provided a significant guideline for progressive industrial applications with complex material mass balance.</p>

2025-02-24T00:00:00+08:00 Copyright (c) 2025 by the authors. https://w3.sciltp.com/journals/gefr/article/view/477 2025-03-04T11:06:30+08:00 Adityas Agung Ramandani adityasagungr1212@gmail.com Nova Rachmadona n.rachmadona@unpad.ac.id Heli Siti Halimatul Munawaroh heli@upi.edu John Chi-Wei Lan lanchiwei@saturn.yzu.edu.tw Navish Kataria navishkataria@jcboseust.ac.in Kuan Shiong Khoo kuanshiong.khoo@saturn.yzu.edu.tw

<p class="categorytitle"><em>Review</em></p> <h1>Sustaining Food Waste for Energy Conversion: A Mini Review</h1> <div class="abstract_title"> <p><strong>Adityas Agung Ramandani ¹, Nova Rachmadona ^2,3, Heli Siti Halimatul Munawaroh ⁴, John Chi-Wei Lan ⁵, Navish Kataria ⁶ and Kuan Shiong Khoo ¹^,*</strong></p> </div> <div class="abstract_top"> <p>¹Algae Bioseparation Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, 320, Taiwan</p> <p>²Department of Applied Sciences, School of Vocational, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, 45363, Indonesia </p> <p>³Research Collaboration Center for Biomass and Biorefinery between BRIN and Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, West Java, Indonesia</p> <p>⁴Study Program of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science of Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung 40154, West Java, Indonesia</p> <p>⁵Biorefinery and Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, 320, Taiwan</p> <p>⁶Department of Environmental Sciences, J.C. Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, Faridabad 121006, Haryana, India</p> <p><strong>* </strong>Correspondence: kuanshiong.khoo@saturn.yzu.edu.tw or kuanshiong.khoo@hotmail.com</p> </div> <div class="abstract_top"> <p>Received: 29 August 2024; Revised: 25 February 2025; Accepted: 25 February 2025; Published: 4 March 2025</p> </div> <p><strong class="label">Abstract: </strong>The escalating global food waste crisis poses significant environmental challenges and resource losses, with approximately one-third of all food produced for human consumption wasted each year. This review explores the innovative conversion of food waste into bioenergy by highlighting various technologies such as hydrothermal conversion, gasification coupled with Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, bio-electrochemical, and synthetic biology and metabolic engineering. These methods help to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions associated with food waste disposal and also provide renewable energy alternatives that can help reduce dependency on fossil fuels. Recent advancements in these technologies have demonstrated improved efficiency, greater feedstock flexibility, and enhanced economic viability, making food waste essential in the pursuit of a circular bioeconomy. This review emphasizes the importance of matching and screening different types of food waste for energy conversion, which is crucial for optimizing resource recovery and maximizing energy output. By examining the latest developments in food waste-to-bioenergy technologies, this review also aims to underscore the potential of food waste as a valuable resource and contribute to sustainable waste management and energy security efforts. The transformative potential of food waste conversion technologies in addressing the pressing global food waste crisis were evaluated. Adopting these methods promotes a circular bioeconomy where waste is valued as a resource, not a burden. The integration of these technologies into existing food waste management systems will be crucial for achieving energy security, mitigating environmental impacts, and promoting sustainable resource utilization. As we face the challenges of food waste, these solutions may represent a critical pathway toward a more sustainable future.</p>

2025-03-04T00:00:00+08:00 Copyright (c) 2025 by the authors. https://w3.sciltp.com/journals/gefr/article/view/683 2025-03-05T15:37:01+08:00 Baran Taşğın baran.tasgin.st@vsb.cz Jiří Ryšavý jiri.rysavy@vsb.cz Thangavel Sangeetha sageetha@mail.ntut.edu.tw Wei-Mon Yan wmyan@ntut.edu.tw

<p class="categorytitle"><em>Review</em></p> <h1>Hydrogen Storage in Zeolites: A Mini Review of Structural and Chemical Influences on Adsorption Performance</h1> <div class="abstract_title"> <p><strong>Baran Taşğın ^1,*, Jiří Ryšavý ¹, Thangavel Sangeetha ^2,3, and Wei-Mon Yan ^2,3</strong></p> </div> <div class="abstract_top"> <p>¹Energy Research Centre, Centre for Energy and Environmental Technologies, VSB—Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic</p> <p>²Department of Energy and Refrigerating, Air-Conditioning Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, <br />Taipei 10608, Taiwan</p> <p>³Research Center of Energy Conservation for New Generation of Residential, Commercial, and Industrial Sectors, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan</p> <p>* Correspondence: baran.tasgin.st@vsb.cz</p> </div> <div class="abstract_top"> <p>Received: 9 January 2025; Revised: 20 February 2025; Accepted: 22 February 2025; Published: 5 March 2025</p> </div> <p><strong class="label">Abstract: </strong>Hydrogen is increasingly being recognized as a clean energy carrier that is vital for decarbonizing industries and integrating renewable energy sources. Efficient hydrogen storage is critical for its widespread adoption and economic viability. Among promising solutions, zeolites have gained attention because of their unique microporous structures, high surface areas, and modifiable chemical properties. These characteristics enable zeolites to effectively adsorb hydrogen molecules, making them suitable for sustainable energy storage and transportation. The exceptional physicochemical properties of zeolites, such as ion exchange and adsorption capacities, allow tailored modifications to enhance their hydrogen storage performance. Techniques such as surface functionalization with amines and ion exchange with specific cations significantly improve adsorption capacity and efficiency. For instance, amine modifications introduce electrostatic interactions, whereas ion exchange optimizes the pore structure and increases the surface charge. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of silver ion-exchanged zeolites for selective hydrogen isotope separation, demonstrating the versatility of these materials. With advancements in zeolite research, the development of scalable, cost-effective, and high-capacity hydrogen storage systems has become increasingly feasible. These innovations position zeolites as key contributors to clean energy transition, supporting the role of hydrogen as a cornerstone of sustainable energy infrastructure.</p>

2025-03-05T00:00:00+08:00 Copyright (c) 2025 by the authors. https://w3.sciltp.com/journals/gefr/article/view/657 2025-03-17T10:04:15+08:00 Yi-Kai Chih chihyikai@gmail.com Shang-Rong Kuo srongkuo1122@gmail.com Jing-Jie Wang 98058ymps@gmail.com

<p class="categorytitle"><em>Review</em></p> <h1>Advancing Hydrogen Development from 2015 to 2024 and Mitigating Noₓ Emissions from Hydrogen-Enriched Combustion for a Cleaner Energy Future</h1> <div class="abstract_title"> <p><strong>Yi-Kai Chih ^1,*, Shang-Rong Kuo ², and Jing-Jie Wang ²</strong></p> </div> <div class="abstract_top"> <p>¹Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan</p> <p>²Department of Greenergy, National University of Tainan, Tainan 701, Taiwan</p> <p><strong>* </strong>Correspondence: chihyikai@gmail.com or chihyk@mail.nutn.edu.tw</p> </div> <div class="abstract_top"> <p>Received: 13 December 2024; Revised: 4 March 2025; Accepted: 13 March 2025; Published: 17 March 2025</p> </div> <p><strong class="label">Abstract: </strong>This study explores hydrogen energy’s transformative role in achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions, focusing on mitigating nitrogen oxides (NO_x), a byproduct of hydrogen-enriched fuel combustion. Driven by rapid growth in hydrogen research from 2015 to 2024, it highlights hydrogen’s potential to address critical energy and environmental challenges. Hydrogen production is classified into thermolysis, biophotolysis, electrolysis, and photoelectrochemical processes, with distinct energy sources and outputs. Color codes denote hydrogen types: green (electrolysis using renewables), blue (carbon capture in natural gas reforming), gray (no carbon capture), pink (nuclear-powered), and turquoise (methane decomposition). By 2050, green hydrogen, aligned with decarbonization goals and declining costs, is expected to dominate the market, while blue hydrogen will act as a transitional source. The paper emphasizes the importance of hydrogen pricing, regional production cost disparities, and strategic investments to enhance low-emission hydrogen competitiveness. However, a major challenge is increased NO_x emissions from higher combustion temperatures. This study reviews key mitigation strategies, including hydrogen-natural gas blending, staged combustion, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and post-combustion measures such as Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR). Among these, EGR effectively lowers peak combustion temperatures, while staged combustion optimizes fuel-air mixing to minimize NO_x formation. Additionally, SCR remains one of the most efficient post-combustion solutions, reducing NO_x emissions by over 80% in various applications. This study demonstrates how these strategies can maximize hydrogen’s energy potential while minimizing environmental impacts.</p>

2025-03-17T00:00:00+08:00 Copyright (c) 2025 by the authors.