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https://doi.org/10.53941/see.2025.100001
Zhu, B., Cao, Q., Ding, X., & Yanng, X. An Overview of Light-Assisted CO2 Cycloaddition for Cyclic Carbonate: Paths of Photo-Induced Thermal-Catalysis, Photocatalysis and Photo-Thermal Synergistic Catalysis. Science for Energy and Environment. 2025, 2(1), 1. doi: https://doi.org/10.53941/see.2025.100001
Volume 2, Issue 1, 2025
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Review

An Overview of Light-Assisted CO2 Cycloaddition for Cyclic Carbonate: Paths of Photo-Induced Thermal-Catalysis, Photocatalysis and Photo-Thermal Synergistic Catalysis

Bin Zhu 1, Qichao Cao 1, Xin Ding 1,*, and Xiaolong Yang 1,2,*

1 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 NingXia Road, Qingdao 266071, China

2 State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Bio-Based Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Qingdao University, 308 NingXia Road, Qingdao 266071, China

* Correspondence: dingxin@qdu.edu.cn (X.D.); yangxl@qdu.edu.cn (X.Y.)

Received: 4 November 2024; Revised: 6 January 2024; Accepted: 22 January 2025; Published: 6 February 2026

Abstract: The increase of CO2 concentration significantly results in severe greenhouse effect. Reducing emission and chemically utilizing CO2 are effective means to solve this problem. CO2 cycloaddition reaction with epoxide is atomically economical and environmentally friendly. However, current catalytic systems still have a long way to go for high catalytic efficiency under mild conditions. Solar energy has demonstrated excellent characteristics in direct photothermal utilization, photocatalytic reactions, and photoelectrochemical reactions recently. Therefore, herein this review summarizes the research work on solar energy mediated CO2 cycloaddition reactions in the past decade. Firstly, the heat generated by photothermal effects is confined to the local space and can be more effectively absorbed by reaction molecules for efficient reactions, greatly reducing the energy consumption of traditional thermal reactions. CO2 cycloaddition with carbon-based materials, polyoxometalates (POM), metal organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and ionic liquids (ILs) as catalysts are reviewed and analyzed; Secondly, semiconductor exhibit high activity due to activation of reactants by photogenerated charges and holes. Single atom catalysts, composites, atomic clusters, MOFs, COFs, Porous organic polymers (POPs), and others used in such reaction are reviewed and analyzed; Finally, the solar light mediated photothermal synergistic catalysis and the reaction system of light and external heating synergy are introduced and analyzed. Last but not least, some issues in the development of solar energy mediated CO2 cycloaddition reactions are analyzed and discussed, and future research prospects are proposed on this basis.

Keywords:

heterogenous CO2 cycloaddition photo-induced thermal-catalysis photocatalytic CO2 cycloaddition photothermal synergistic catalysis cyclic carbonate

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